Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize – forearm arm sling manufacturer – chin
History
The X Prize Foundation began work on the development of a competition to spur innovation in the automotive industry in 2005 and on March 6, 2006 announced that Mark Goodstein would join the Foundation as an Executive Director of the new prize. A little more than year later, on April 12, 2007, the Foundation formally announced the creation of the prize at the 2007 New York Auto Show and set the purse at $10 million for a car that could get 100 mpg-US (2.4 L/100 km; 120 mpg-imp) and be sold for a reasonable price. In the subsequent year, the X Prize Foundation solidified sponsorship for the prize and on March 20, 2008 announced that Progressive Insurance would be the Title Sponsor of the Prize and fund the $10 million purse. From that point onward, it was known as the Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize (PIAXP).
At the April 12, 2007 announcement of the creation of the X Prize, the Foundation released draft Competition Guidelines, which were open for public comment from April 2 to May 31, 2007. The latest guidelines were published in January 10, 2009. The competition guidelines are the product of hundreds of volunteers of the AXP and world-class advisors.
On April 7 2009, the X Prize Foundation announced that 111 teams had registered by the February 2009 deadline. By October 20, 2009, the design judging had winnowed the number of teams down to 43 with some publicly and others quietly withdrawing. The next step is formal vehicle challenges, scheduled for the spring of 2010.
Vehicle requirements: Competition Division
Within the Competition Division, there are two vehicle classesainstream and Alternativeoth of which have the same requirements for fuel economy and emissions, but differing design constraints. The Alternative class is further divided into tandem and side-by-side classes. Vehicles in the Mainstream Class must meet specifications that are derived from typical small, five-passenger, economy mixed-use vehicles. The Alternative Class has fewer performance and design restrictions and provides an outlet for innovation. Both classes allow entries that are modifications of an existing popular vehicle, provided that all PIAXP requirements are met.
Vehicles in both classes must have a fuel economy of 100 MPGe (21 kWh or 2.35 liters of petrol/100 kilometer) and produce less than 200 grams/mile CO2 emissions. For electric vehicles, the CO2 emissions requirement is a more binding constraint. Because CO2 emissions will be calculated assuming a national average of electricity sources projected to 2014, an all-electric car will have to achieve 114 MPGe in order to produce less than 200 grams/mile CO2 emissions. Further, electricity consumption is measured at the “plug” side of the battery charging device, so it would have to achieve 114 MPGe, assuming 100% efficient battery charging. If the charger were 85% efficient, this requirement would grow to 134 MPGe. In the other words, efficiency of electric cars should be not 21 but 16 kWh/100 km.
Vehicles in both classes also must have features expected of a modern automobile including an enclosed cabin with windshield and windows, operating windshield wipers, washers, headlights, horn, indicators, brake lights, reflective devices, rear and side-view mirrors, and seat belts. They must have the usual automotive controls, including accelerator pedal, brake pedal, steering mechanism (not necessarily a wheel) and indicators. They must be “highway capable”, which is defined as the ability to maintain 65 mph (105 km/h) on a four percent uphill grade and to accelerate from 40 mph (64 km/h) to 60 mph (97 km/h) in less than 9 seconds. They must be able to brake from 60 to 0 mph in less than 170 feet (52 m), meet existing noise standards and use tires that meet automotive or motorcycle (alternative class only and only if the vehicle is otherwise eligible to be classified as a motorcycle) standards. Both must meet the same set of static and dynamic stability requirements.
The mainstream vehicle must seat at least four adults with at least two side-by-side front seats, have at least 10 cubic feet (0.28 m3) of useful cargo space in one contiguous location not counting the passenger seats, accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 15 seconds or less, and be able to drive 200 miles (320 km) without refueling or recharging. The mainstream vehicle must have four or more wheels.
The alternate class vehicle must seat at least two people, accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 18 seconds or less, and be able to drive 100 miles (160 km) without refueling or recharging. The alternative vehicle has no minimum number of wheels, but it must remain upright when stopped with no driver inputs.
While the main focus of PIAXP is fuel economy and carbon emissions, not safety, the vehicles must be “production capable”. Therefore, the entries must either be fully compliant with the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS) and other applicable National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) requirements or compliance has to be “designed in”. For example, allowance for airbags in the designs is considered acceptable without actually installing the airbags. Teams are also required to submit a business plan which clearly demonstrates an ability to produce 10,000 vehicles per year. Note that teams are not required to be under-taking this plan, but the plan has to exist and the car has to be designed such that this plan is feasible.
Vehicle requirements: Demonstration Division
The Demonstration Division is designed specifically for large automakers to display and promote their currently available high-efficiency vehicles. The vehicles must be either in production or committed for production and sale in the United States or the European Union by 2012. The new division is not eligible for a share of the $10 million prize purse.
Vehicles in the Demonstration Division must meet the same requirements as Mainstream Class vehicles in the Competition Division, except for MPGe and CO2 emissions. There is no Alternative Class equivalent in the Demonstration Division. These vehicles must be stock vehicles, i.e., vehicles identical to those for sale or pre-production prototypes of vehicles intended for sales.
Vehicles in the Demonstration Division will be tested in the same way as Competition Division vehicles and will participate in the PIAXP competition events under the same rules in order to demonstrate and showcase their capabilities and performance.
The front view of the Tesla roadster.
Tesla Motors – The Tesla Roadster is a high performance all-electric vehicle that was unveiled to the public in 2006 by the founder and chief executive officer of Tesla Motors, Elon Musk. The vehicle shares some of its components with the Lotus Elise and manages to achieve the equivalent efficiency of 135 miles per gallon. Lotus cars has been working to develop the car in San Carlos, CA. The financing for the venture has, in part, come from some of the San Francisco Bay area’s top Internet-based companies including Elon Musk’s Paypal and Google’s co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page. The car requires a charge that takes from four to thirty hours to fully charge and accelerates to 60 mph (97 km/h) from a standing start in four seconds.
Competition events
Accepted teams must provide evidence that their vehicles are production capable, by providing a detailed Data Submissions covering four areas:
Safety and Emissions: Vehicles must be designed so that, in production, they meet U. S. safety standards (FMVSS) and U.S. emission standards.
Manufacturability and Cost: Vehicles must be capable of being manufactured in quantities of 10,000 per year with production costs within levels consistent with that production volume.
Features: Vehicles must have the features expected by consumers for vehicles within the projected prices range.
Business Plan: There must be a credible plan to manufacture, sell and support 10,000 vehicles (or conversions) per year by 2014. The plan must address required fuel infrastructure if it does not already exist.
Those that pass this hurdle will be invited to bring their vehicles to the competition events. The first step of the competition will be the review of technical reports, technical inspection of the vehicles and performance testing of safety elements to eliminate unsafe vehicles.
Those that pass the initial technical and safety inspections and tests will participate in the remaining competition events. These include stage races, additional active safety performance tests and a dynamometer test. The stage races, which will include up to ten stages in various locations, will test performance and durability under real-world conditions.
The first three stages will be a hake-down period and performance in these stages will not count to final scores. The next stage will be a nockout qualifying event. To advance, vehicles must pass active safety performance tests, meet acceptable emission levels and demonstrate at least 67 MPGe on a test track.
The final stages will determine the winning teams. To complete the race successfully, vehicles must maintain a minimum average speed (maximum allowable time) while meeting PIAXP requirements for fuel economy and emissions. Vehicles with the best overall time in the final stages while still meeting requirements will win.
Educational program
The United States Department of Energy joined the PIAXP as a sponsor, funding an educational program targeted to young people. The first component of the Education Program is a web site created in partnership with Discovery Education, www.FuelOurFutureNow.com, featuring activities for K-12 students, as well as videos, virtual labs, and interactive resources intended for use in school and in the home.
Competing teams
Although 111 teams registered for the PAIXP and paid the registration fee, by October 20, 2009, the number of teams had decreased to 43, sponsoring 53 vehicles between them. These remaining teams represented 10 countries (some entries listed two countries of origin) with 28 coming from the USA and 7 from the state of California. Of the 53 vehicles, 28 were in the Alternative Class and 25 in the Mainstream Class. A sample of the teams is shown below.
Aptera Motors’ high-efficiency passenger vehicle is a contender in the X-Prize competition.
Aptera Motors – This company is led by Steve Fambro and Chris Anthony and is from Carlsbad, Ca. They’ve developed a very high mileage three-wheeled vehicle, the Aptera 2 Series. The initial model will be all electric, but it will eventually be sold alongside a plug-in hybrid version. The shape of the car is credited to Jason Hill, an experienced designer that worked on the body of the Porsche Carrera GT, and to Aptera’s own aerodynamicist, Miles Wheeler. The design has been inspired by modern composite aircraft and is legally classified as a motorcycle.
BDCOTSRUS
Commuter Cars – A production vehicle from this company has been sold to actor George Clooney. The car, a Commuter Cars Tango, is known for its ultra-narrow profile. The Tango’s narrow track is offset by its low center of gravity. The battery pack that supplies power for this all electric vehicle weighs in at 1,100 lb (500 kg) and is placed low in the vehicle. The car is high performance. It accelerates to 60 miles per hour in four seconds and will reach a top speed of 150 mph (240 km/h).
Cornell Automotive X-Prize Team – This team, based out of Ithaca, New York’s Cornell University, is made up of more than seventy graduate and undergraduate students. Although their ultimate goal is to develop a plug-in hybrid car, the team has been using a 1991 Geo Metro to practice their individual teams can do its existing systems. The car was run in the 2008 Green Grand Prix and finished 26th in a field of 46 contestants.
Delta Motorsport
Edison2 – Developers of the Very Light Car, this Lynchburg, Va team of experts from auto endurance racing emphasize low weight and low aerodynamic drag as the key to automotive efficiency, and are entered in both alternative classes and the mainstream class.
Envera
Future Vehicle Technologies – This Canadian company has developed the eVaro, a two-person in-line three-wheeled series-hybrid vehicle which was recently certified to have a mileage of 275 MPGe in city driving and 165 MPGe in freeway driving.
Illuminati Motor Works – Illuminati Motor Works (IMW) even is a four seat, BEV. The vehicle has dual modular design enabling both its drive train and body components to be swapped out. This concept allows bolt on adaptation of a hybrid drive train that can take advantage of many different fuels including Diesel, BioDiesel, Ethanol, and natural gas and body styles including the four door sedan and truck versions. The design flexibility coupled with its other strengths will allow for quick market adoption of the vehicle.
[ [SABA Motors]] http://www.sabamotors.com – SABA Motors is based in Silicon Valley. True to its location, SABA Motors is leveraging high technology to make its Carbon Zero Roadster ultra efficient. The Roadster is a plug in electric vehicle that can be charged by 110 V or 220 V. It offers high end sports car perofrmance: 0-60 in 5 seconds and a top speed of 105 MPH. Production is planned for late 2010 and the price target is $45,000.
Tata Motors – Tata Nano EV & Tata Indica Vista Hybrid
Western Washington University – Of more than five dozen entrants in the competition this is only one of two university-based teams. They are based at WWU’s Bellingham, Washington campus. Their group of students at Western’s Vehicle Research Institute have what’s been described by Automobile Magazine as having “very possibly the best school in the country for total car design.”
WIKISPEED
ZAP – ZAP is proposing to develop and race the Alias, a 100% plug-in electric roadster designed in a three-wheeled configuration, two wheels in front, one in the rear. Basically, an enclosed motorcycle designed to meet or exceed US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, the Alias uses lithium-ion batteries and a composite structure to achieve the target mileage. However, historically the company has had difficulties in materializing its ideas.
See also
Ansari X Prize
Fuel efficiency
PACE Award
Plug-in hybrid
References
^ “Competition Guidelines, Version 1.2, 13 January, 2009”. X Prize Foundation. p. 5. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/files/downloads/auto/PIAXP_Guidelines_V_1.0_20090110.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ Alan Boyle. “Auto X Prize Revs Up”. MSNBC. http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/archive/2007/03/30/107615.aspx. Retrieved 2008-09-16.
^ a b “Competition Guidelines” (PDF). progressiveautoxprize.org. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/files/downloads/auto/PIAXP_Guidelines_V_1.0_20090110.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-28.
^ “Competition Guidelines, Version 1.2, 13 January, 2009”. X Prize Foundation. p. 9, 10. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/files/downloads/auto/PIAXP_Guidelines_V_1.0_20090110.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ “Education Program Overview”. X Prize Foundation. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/education. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
^ “Press Release: X Prize Foundation Hires Mark Goodstein as Executive Director”. X Prize Foundation. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/press-release/x-prize-foundation-hires-mark-goodstein-as-executive-director. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
^ Eric Evarts. “Auto X Prize to reward 100-mpg car”. Consumer Reports. http://blogs.consumerreports.org/cars/2007/04/auto_x_prize_to.html. Retrieved 2009-06-30.
^ “Press Release: X Prize Foundation Progressive Insurance Join Forces to Officially Announce the $10 Million Automotive X Prize”. X Prize Foundation. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/press-release/x-prize-foundation-hires-mark-goodstein-as-executive-director. Retrieved 2009-09-30.
^ http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/news-events/press-release/111-teams-get-green-light-to-advance-in-multimillion-dollar-competition
^ a b http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/teams
^ “Competition Guidelines, Version 1.2, 13 January, 2009”. X Prize Foundation. p. 27, 29. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/files/downloads/auto/PIAXP_Guidelines_V_1.0_20090110.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ “Energy and Emissions Spreadsheet 12.1.08”. X Prize Foundation. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/files/downloads/auto/Energy_and_Emissions_spreadsheet_12.1.08.xls. Retrieved 2009-07-04.
^ “Competition Guidelines, Version 1.2, 13 January, 2009”. X Prize Foundation. p. 16, 20. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/files/downloads/auto/PIAXP_Guidelines_V_1.0_20090110.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ “Competition Guidelines, Version 1.2, 13 January, 2009”. X Prize Foundation. p. 20, 21. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/files/downloads/auto/PIAXP_Guidelines_V_1.0_20090110.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ “Progressive Automotive X Prize Expanded to Include Major Automakers”. EERE Network News. http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/news/news_detail.cfm/news_id=12181. Retrieved 2009-01-21.
^ “Competition Guidelines, Version 1.2, 13 January, 2009”. X Prize Foundation. p. 39, 40. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/files/downloads/auto/PIAXP_Guidelines_V_1.0_20090110.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ “Tesla Roadster: Lotus Helps Create Sporty 135 MPG Electric Car”. Edmunds.com. http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=116204. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
^ “The $109,000 E-Car”. CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=4502671n%3fsource=search_video. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
^ “Competition Guidelines, Version 1.2, 13 January, 2009”. X Prize Foundation. p. 1012. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/files/downloads/auto/PIAXP_Guidelines_V_1.0_20090110.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-21.
^ “Registered Teams Overview”. X Prize Foundation. http://www.progressiveautoxprize.org/files/downloads/auto/Complete_List_of_Registered_PIAXP_Teams.pdf. Retrieved July 10, 2009.
^ Zahid Sardar. “Aptera 3-wheeler looks as if it could soar”. San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/04/16/HOP1103V8S.DTL. Retrieved 2008-08-02.
^ Eric Hagerman. “1 Gallon of Gas, 100 Miles $10 Million: The Race to Build the Supergreen Car”. Wired Magazine. http://www.wired.com/cars/futuretransport/magazine/16-01/ff_100mpg. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
^ “7 sexy hybrids you can’t (yet) buy”. MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/26462400/?pg=2#Tech_7SexyHybrids. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
^ Brian Dumaine; Jamie Carroll, Ingrid Tharasook. “Putting the zoom into electric cars”. CNN. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fsb/0711/gallery.NLT_hybrid_cars.fsb/5.html. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
^ “First 150mph Tango electric performance commuter to be delivered next week”. gizmag.com. http://www.gizmag.com/go/4048/. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
^ “Last-Minute Mods Get Cornell Auto X Prize Mule in Test Rally for Real-World MPG Clues”. Popular Mechanics. http://www.popularmechanics.com/blogs/automotive_news/4264822.html. Retrieved 2008-09-15.
^ “Illuminati Motor Works”. Illuminati Motor Works. http://www.illuminatimotorworks.org. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
^ Krishna Ramanujan. “CU to show off its 100-mpg car-in-progress at state fair”. PhysOrg.com. http://www.physorg.com/news138381966.html. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
^ Carol Tice. “Notable in the Northwest”. Seattle Times. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/localnews/2003975210_collwebhotprograms.html. Retrieved 2008-09-16.
^ Randall Sullivan. “Hype Machine: Searching for ZAP’s Fleet of No-Show Green Cars”. Wired (magazine). http://www.wired.com/cars/futuretransport/magazine/16-04/ff_zapped. Retrieved 2008-11-03.
External links
Progressive Automotive PRIZE homepage
X Prize Cars Features detailed information on many of the cars/teams competing for the AXP.
“Building the 100+ MPG Car: Electric co-op member works to shape the future of the automobile industry.” Illinois Country Living magazine, March 2008 issue focuses on Illuminati Motor Works and the AXP.
Edmunds : Multimillion-Dollar Automotive X Prize Aims for Vehicles That Make 100-Plus MPG April 2007
Categories: Challenge awards | Automobile awardsHidden categories: Articles with limited geographic scope | USA-centric
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