Transformer – Distribution Transformers
Transformers – Distribution Transformers
A transformer is an electrical device used to transfer electrical energy from one source to another. It is a device which converts AC power at a certain voltage level to AC power at a different voltage, but at the same frequency. The working of transformer relies on two basic principles. One that a magnetic field is generated by electric current and the second stating that a changing magnetic field within electric coil induces voltage across the ends of the coil. A transformer is made of ferromagnetic core at centre that is wound with multiple or atleast two coils. The alternating current in the primary coil induces an alternating magnetic flux around the ferromagnetic core which in turn generates alternating current in the secondary coil. This is the way a transformer transforms electric current from one source o another. A wide range of transformers are available in the market like auto transformer, poly phase transformer, dry type transformers, liquid filled transformers, transportable unitised transformers and cast resin transformers for use in various applications. But the widely used transformers include power transformers and distribution transformers that are widely used in the power distribution and transmission systems.
Distribution Transformers
A distribution transformer is a device that provides the final voltage transformation in the electric power distribution system. The purpose of a distribution transformer is to reduce the primary voltage of an electric distribution system to the voltage utilized by the customer. The capacity of a distribution transformer is usually measured in kilovolt-amperes and is determined by the amount of current it can carry continuously at rated voltage without exceeding its basic design temperature. The transformers are classified based on factors like type of insulation, number of phases and voltage classes. Based on type of insulation they are classified as liquid immersed distribution transformers or dry type distribution transformers. The transformers generate significant heat and are normally cooled by air circulation and radiation of heat. They are either immersed in oil or other synthetic flids or either sealed in pressurised tanks and cooled by gases like nitrogen. The liquid filled transformers can be either free breathing units, conservator fitted transformers or hermetically sealed transformers. The free breathing units are normally oil-filled transformers, while hermetically sealed transformers can either be filled with oil or other low flammability synthetic fluid. The hermetically sealed transformers are usually maintenance free and are ideal for use as outdoor transformers. These are best for use in outdoor, exposed moisture, salt or dust laden atmospheres and are widely employed in chemical plants, oil and gas terminals where regular maintenance of the transformers is not possible because of poor accessibility factors.
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