Discussion: The sensor and instrumentation development trends
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China Sensor Industry must adapt to technology trends, both domestic and overseas markets to the combination of the direction of international development, so that Sensor And instrumentation to seize the opportunities of information technology. In recent years, the sensor is in the traditional transition to the new sensor development stage. New sensor is characterized by miniaturization, digital, intelligent, multi-functional, systematic, network, it not only promoted the transformation of traditional industries, but also led to the establishment of new industries, new 21st century economic growth. Miniaturization is based on micro- Electronic Mechanical systems (MEMS) technology based on the current device has been successfully applied to silicon to form silicon pressure sensors (such as the EJX transmitter). MEMS processing technology, including the body of micro-machining, surface micro-machining technology, LIGA techniques (X-ray deep lithography, electroforming and micro-replication technology), laser micro-processing technology and micro-encapsulation technology. MEMS development, the miniaturization of sensors, intelligent, multi-functional and reliability levels to new heights. Sensor instrumentation, based on microelectronics technology, built-in microprocessor, or the micro-sensors and microprocessors and related integrated circuits (operational amplifier, A / D or D / A, memory, network communication interface circuit ) other package with the completion of the digital, intelligent, network and systematic. (Note: MEMS technology also completed a micro-motor or actuator, etc., will introduce another essay) network, at present mainly refers to the use of a variety of Fieldbus And Ethernet (Internet), which according to the characteristics of various industries, choose one or more of the most popular in recent years have FF, Profibus, CAN, Lonworks, AS-Interbus, TCP / IP and so on. In addition to MEMS, the new sensor also depends on the development of new sensitive materials, and nano sensor technologies, such as a new generation of fiber-optic sensors, superconducting sensors, focal plane array infrared detectors, biological sensors, nano-sensors, the new quantum sensors, micro-gyroscope , networked sensors, smart sensors, sensor, multi-functional sensors. Multi-sensor data fusion technology is the formation of hot spots, which formed in the 80s of the 20th century, it is different from signal processing, also from single or multiple sensors of the monitoring and measurement, but the number of sensor measurements based on the basis of more integrated high-level decision-making process. In view of the micro-sensor technology, intelligent degree increased, access to information based on the integration of multiple functions so that further integration is inevitable, multi-sensor data fusion technology for the development of sensor technology. Multi-sensor data fusion has been defined broadly: the distribution of a number of different locations in the same or different class of sensors provides comprehensive resources for local data, using computer technology to its analysis, multi-sensor data to eliminate redundancy may exist between and contradictions, to complement each other, reducing its not really sex, get tested the consistency of interpretation and describe an object, thus improving decision-making, planning, response speed and accuracy, making the system more fully the information. The information fusion occur at different levels of information, including data layer (pixel level) fusion, feature level fusion, decision-making (evidence level) fusion. As the information than a single sensor has the following advantages, namely, fault tolerance, complementary, real-time, economy and so gradually expand the applications. In addition to military applications, the technology has been applied to automation, robotics, marine monitoring, seismic survey, construction, air traffic control, medical diagnosis, remote sensing technology and so on.
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