On the external wall insulation and fire protection measures of fire risk – external wall insulation materials, fire prevention measures – Fire Industry
2009 Beijing CCTV fire occurred in a row, Nanjing International Plaza, Central Fire, so extruded panels of exterior wall Insulation material Become the focus of attention. In China, on the external wall insulation requirements of the safety standards and norms in the yet to be fully reflected, in particular, has been on fire safety, there are big risks are. How to improve the domestic types of building materials, exterior wall fire safety related to people's livelihood security has become a major issue.
1, external wall insulation system of fire danger
1, the type of external wall insulation
From the perspective of combustion of materials currently used in thermal insulation system of thermal insulation materials include three categories.
Inorganic thermal insulation materials: China's rock wool, glass wool, expanded vitrified thermal insulation, etc., are non-flammable material, its own fire safety does not exist. But other properties can not satisfy the requirements of external insulation is not yet widely used with Technology Conditions.
Organic and inorganic compound thermal insulation material: The main Adhesive Polystyrene thermal insulation, is a flame retardant material, and not with the spread of fire, its fire safety does not exist.
Organic polymer insulation materials: polystyrene foam saturated Plastic And polyurethane foam, and belongs to combustible materials with a fire risk.
2, exterior wall fire danger Civil particularly High-rise building Vertical spread of fire are easy to form, this is because although the window glass will melt at about 900 , but the fire conditions, because uneven heating and expansion deformation of the glass by the window frame of the restrictions and other reasons, too big temperature difference between inside and outside surface often cracking at 250 or so broken. Building fire, the doors and windows of glass in the flame or high temperature, soon broken off, flames from the door window broken out, is for this reason. Flames spread through the wall outside the door window there are two basic ways: First, the flame radiant heat through the door window of the building opposite the cook-off; second flame out from the window to Shangcuan, the upper window of the fuel cook-off, spread up layer by layer, causing the entire building on fire. Especially after a fire wall, the chimney effect as the fire spread particularly rapidly. Under the existing "architectural design code for fire protection" and "fire protection design of tall buildings" were not included in the fire on the exterior wall design requirements, resulting in fire performance of insulation materials on the wall not explicitly requested, when the fire because of the high temperature effect, the wall thermal insulation material surface mortar cracking, peeling insulation materials will soon ignite the fire spread rapidly to large areas. Meanwhile, after the fire wall, indoor facilities are not covered by automatic fire wall, especially when high-rise building external wall insulation material on fire, the more helpless.
Second, foreign and domestic status of external wall insulation system, fire protection technology
1, fire wall insulation technology Foreign Status
External wall insulation systems from abroad, the history can be seen on the external wall insulation materials, fire safety requirements as the technology has been the preferred conditions. Europe and the United States and other exterior wall technology advanced countries, on the external wall insulation systems, they are strict level of fire safety requirements, different external wall insulation systems and insulation materials with standard fire test methods and classification (considered when the smoke and toxic combustion release), and different levels of external wall insulation fire protection system in the use of strict building regulations.
European standards ETAG004 "a finishing layer of exterior insulation composite system certification European technical standards" in the provision of thermal insulation fire resistance test method CEN classification documents in accordance with EN13501-1 "building products or components Burning Behavior "in Flame Retardant Grade A1-E test.
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Thanks for the info! It is very important to consider fire prevention and the combustibility of a material before you use it as insulation. This is equally true for exterior insulation as it is for interior. For more info, I recommend checking out the Sweets Network from McGraw-Hill, my employer.