CNC machine tools and the correct selection of programming skills – Machine Tool
1. Introduction Present, many CAD / CAM packages provide automatic programming function, the software programming interface in general is in the process planning tips related issues, such as tool selection, processing, path planning, cutting set so as long as the programmers set up the parameters, you can automatically generated and transmitted to the NC program CNC machine tools Complete the process.
Therefore, the NC machining tool selection and cutting parameters determine the state of human-computer interaction is completed, which General machine tools Processing of contrast, it also requires the programmer to master cutting tool selection and the basic principles, taking fully into account in the programming of CNC machining, and can choose the right tools and cutting edge.
2. Number of livestock processing and characteristics of the type commonly used tool
NC CNC tool must adapt to the speed, efficiency and characterized by high degree of automation in general should include generic tools, common connection Chuck And a small amount of special tool holders. Holder to join and installed in the machine tool power head, it has gradually standardized and serialized.
2.1 NC Tool There are several methods of classification
A. According tool structure can be divided into
(1) integral; (2) mosaic, by welding or machine clip-on connection, machine clip can be divided into non-translocation and can turn a two;
(3) special pattern, such as composite tools, shock-type cutting tools.
B. According to the materials used in manufacture of cutting tools can be divided into:
(1) high-speed steel cutting tools; (2) carbide cutting tools; (3) diamond tool; (4) other material tools, such as cubic boron nitride cutting tools, ceramic cutting tools.
C. From the cutting process can be divided into:
(1) turning tools, exceptionally round, bore, thread, cutting tools and so on;
(2) drilling tools, including Drill , Reamers, taps, etc.;
(3) boring tools; (4) Milling Cutters, etc.. Order to adapt to CNC machine tools to the tool durable, stable, easy to tune, and other requirements may change in recent years clip Indexable machine tool widely used, in quantity to the cutting tool of a 40% to 30% , the total number of metal removal accounted for 80% to 90%.
2.2 CNC machine tools and common tool used on the comparison, there are many different requirements, the following characteristics:
(1) rigidity (especially roughing tool), high precision anti-vibration and thermal distortion; interchangeability, and ease of fast tool change;
(2) the high life, cutting stable and reliable;
(3) the size of tools to facilitate adjustment to reduce the tool change time to adjust;
(4) tools should be able to reliably broken chip or on Chip, chip to facilitate the exclusion;
(5) series standardized to facilitate programming and tool management.
3. NC Tool Selection Tool choice is in the CNC programming carried out under the state human-computer interaction. Machine's processing capacity should be based on workpiece material properties of subjects, plus
Cutting work processes and other relevant factors the correct selection of tools and tool holders. Tool Selection The general principle is: easy to install, good rigidity, durability and precision. To meet the processing requirements of the premise, as we choose a shorter handle, to increase the rigidity of tooling.
(1) Select the tool, the tool to make the size and size of the workpiece surface to be compatible. Production, plane parts around the outline of processing, often using established Mills ; Milling plane should be selected carbide insert milling, processing Boss, groove, the selected high speed steel end mills; processing of rough surfaces or rough holes, they can select Xiang carbide cutter blade of corn; some three-dimensional surface and contour processing variable angle, often used ball mills, ring mills, cone mills, and disc cutter.
(2) during the free surface (mold) processing, due to ball end cutter cutting speed is zero, therefore, to guarantee precision, cutting line spacing from the commonly used top secret, so commonly used in the surface of the ball finishing. The flat head cutter on the surface processing quality and cutting efficiency is superior to ball-end cutters, so that the cut in the guaranteed under the premise, however, whether roughing or finishing the surface should be preferred flat head blade. In addition, the tool's durability and accuracy of the price relationship with a great tool, we must draw attention is that in most cases, choose a good tool although the increase in tool cost, but the resulting processing quality and processing efficiency , you can greatly reduce the entire processing cost.
(3) in Machining Center On a variety of tools were installed in the tool library, according to the procedure provided for the election at any time by knife and sword action. Must be a standard tool holder, so that drilling, boring, expansion, milling and other processes with the standard tools quickly and accurately fitted to the machine tool spindle or tool library up. Programmers should be aware of machine tool holders used on the structure size, adjustment method and the adjustment range, in order to determine the programming tool of radial and axial dimensions. At present, China's processing center by TSG tool system, which has straight shank tool holder (3 sizes) and the taper shank (4 specifications) 2, a total of 16 different uses including the hilt.
(4) in the economic type CNC machining process, because of the grinding tool, measurement and replacement carried out mostly manually, taking up supporting a longer time, therefore, must be reasonable arrangements for the order of the tool. Should normally follow the following principles: to minimize the number of tool; a clamping tool, it should be possible to complete all its processing steps; rough finishing tool to be used separately, even if the tool is the same sizes; first After the drilling and milling; carry out a surface finish, after finishing two-dimensional profile; in the possible, as far as possible use of NC machine tools automatic tool changer features to enhance production efficiency.
4. Processing of the determination of cutting
Reasonable selection cutting principles: rough, generally to improve productivity-based, but also should consider the economic and processing costs; semi-finishing and finishing, the process should ensure the quality of the premise, both cutting efficiency, economy and processing costs. Specific values should be based on manual cutting machine instructions, combined with experience may be.
Specifically to consider the following factors:
(1) depth of cut ap. In the machine tool, workpiece and tool rigidity permitting, ap is equivalent to allowances, it is an effective measure to increase productivity. To ensure the machining accuracy and surface roughness, the general should remain a certain margin for finishing. Precision CNC Machine Tool allowances can be a little smaller than normal.
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