Himfr.com Reports China’s marine economy threatened by pollution
Fifteenth marine ecology monitoring zones remaining “three health”, the control of land-sourced pollutants and has not been substantial progress.
China’s marine economy’s development has just started, marine, oil and other resources, most have not been fully utilized. In contrast, China’s marine environment is deteriorating as the 1.2841 trillion yuan output value of marine industries, marine industrial added value was 526.8 billion yuan, representing 3.9% of GDP. But compared with developed countries, the proportion of 7%, there is still a gap.
“The 21st century is the century of oceans, is the era of sustainable development of marine economy.” State Oceanic Administration, Sun Zhihui said. At present, the destruction of the marine environment, will affect the marine economy.
“Too many cases of marine pollution.” Yi Xiaolei aside to reporters, he opened the notebook computer file. Yi Xiaolei is the State Oceanic Administration Environmental Protection Division Director of monitoring and forecasting, long-term research in the marine environment.
When the click of the mouse to open a picture, a red tide occurred in the Yellow Sea coastal waters disaster knitted, a red ribbon of red tide with the same drift as the sea, and the blue sea contrast.
Then click to open another image, Jiaozhou Bay area as the production of chemical discharge of untreated waste water, blue water has been dyed brown sauce, easy Xiaolei that pollution has led to excessive levels of pollutants in waters near a variety of , resulting in a large area around the sea beach shellfish poisoning.
November 28, the reporter saw the situation, has been the formation of the State Environmental Protection Administration System “in 2005 a special law enforcement inspection results of the marine environment” (the “test results”), on the whole society was informed of the marine environment pollution have been put on the table.
Ocean “unhealthy”.
Test results show that: “part of the marine environment quality improved significantly, but the overall quality of the marine environment the country still can not be optimistic about the serious problem of coastal marine pollution, the environmental quality of local waters is difficult to improve.”
A time when the Songhua River water pollution caused by society pay attention to when the Environmental Protection Agency informed of test results, there are industry experts told reporters that one through, “Harbin water supply breakdowns,” Let the people have realized that the pollution has brought to people’s bitter experience; Second, the fact that the marine pollution put the table, took the opportunity to appeal to people to treasure the marine environment.
End rivers into the sea, the pollution of Songhua River will eventually converged to the sea, marine pollution have aroused interest. Environmental Protection Administration official said: “This is the first time since 2004 to carry out joint enforcement of marine environmental protection since the second nationwide inspection check.” But the test results compared to last year, worry about more than Hi.
“This report reflects the status of our marine environment?? Into the 21st century, the rapid development of China’s marine economy, but the marine environment have been severely damaged or even destroyed than in the past 20 years, yet serious.” Yi Xiaolei told “First Financial Daily.”
In addition to the annual examination results of SEPA, the State Oceanic Administration in each of the “China Marine Environment Quality Communique”, due to a massive gathering of monitoring data, has been a reflection of our marine environment in one of the most authoritative report.
In 2004, the State Oceanic Administration Organization of the coastal provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China’s coastal waters part of the ecologically fragile areas and sensitive areas of the establishment of 15 water area.
Monitoring total area is 50,000 square kilometers, the main ecological types, including the Gulf, estuaries, coastal wetlands, coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass beds and other typical ecosystems. Monitoring including environmental quality, biological community structure, function and development activities spawning grounds and so on.
“But the worrying results of monitoring, monitoring of 15 coastal marine area, currently only three runs in a healthy state, seven are in sub-health operations, five in a healthy running.”
The so-called “unhealthy” refers to the natural properties of significant changes in the ecosystem. Biodiversity and ecosystem structure changed greatly, the main services ecosystem severely degraded or lost. Environmental pollution, vandalism, irrational exploitation of resources beyond the ecological pressure on the carrying capacity of ecosystems. Ecosystem can not recover in the short term.
“This is a very worrying consequences.” Yi Xiaolei told reporters that this year’s monitoring data has been in the aggregation process, the results will continue to deteriorate, and now is hard to say, “But one thing is certain, affect the marine environment the most important factors?? control of land-sourced pollutants and has not been substantial progress. ”
The legacy of land contamination.
Marine pollution, 70% to 80% of the pollution comes from land-based pollution, such as waste of human life on land, agriculture, industrial production process of waste emissions, through various channels into the ocean.
Reflected in the marine environment, the most prominent coastal waters pollution. Environmental Protection Administration official said: “A 2004 National coastal waters, the second water proportion of 49.6%, Grade III in 15.4%, Grade IV or inferior, 35% water. Polluted waters are mainly distributed in the Bohai Bay, and Jiangsu offshore, the Yangtze Estuary and Hangzhou Bay, the Pearl River Estuary and other local waters. fragility of marine ecosystems, coastal waters, most of the Gulf, estuaries, coastal wetlands ecosystem damage, increased occurrence of toxic red tide. ”
For these reasons is that untreated sewage is directly discharged into the ocean, the National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center Director Han told reporters: “We are more than 800 outfalls in the sample found that many companies do not discharge standards, while others enterprises, more subtle ways by the discharge of sewage. ”
“Total amount of land-sourced pollutants into the sea is still high.” SEPA’s inspection results, said, “industrial pollution load large, highly polluting electroplating, pharmaceutical, chemical, printing and dyeing, tanning and other industries in coastal areas abound, particularly among some Private Enterprises in waste-water treatment and treatment facilities are not the normal operation of the act; rural non-point source pollution has been effectively controlled, especially intensified livestock pollution trends; urban sewage treatment capacity of the lower, southern coastal cities of individual sewage treatment rate zero, has completed part of the sewage treatment plant can not operate normally. ”
Ocean University of China Law School Professor Cui Feng believes that the pollution of the marine environment is seriously polluted terrestrial environment has been a reflection and continuation. No land-based pollution control, will pollute the river valley, and then into the sea.
“For example, the Huaihe River, last year invested more than 600 million for pollution control, but have not achieved the desired results, despite the establishment of a sewage treatment plant along the coast, but the real effective functioning of less than 10%.” Cui Feng told reporters,
These pollutants eventually into the ocean.
Obviousness Xiaolei further pointed out: “severely damaged the marine environment, mainly because of the rapid development of China’s coastal areas brought about by economic pressures, marine environmental protection on the lack of capital and technology, and yet comprehensive monitoring and management. ”
Marine bewildering economic outlook.
Experts told reporters, when waters contaminated by organic material will affect the biology of the ecological balance, so that fishing tanks (fish habitat and breeding areas) environmental degradation, affecting fish growth and reproduction, resulting in heavy losses of aquatic resources; dumping in the waters of the waste, if containing radioactive substances or heavy metals, these things have a cumulative toxicity or substances will accumulate in aquatic organisms in vivo, so that eaters poisoning, caused by acute or chronic conditions.
“It has been difficult to find some beach plants, while China’s water plant was originally an important producer in Asia; in Hainan Island, coral reef erosion serious that sank the submarine; a number of beaches have been severely eroded, making the surrounding landscape has been destroyed, even the housing collapse; for marine overfishing destroyed the food chain. “Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration researcher Zhouqiu Lin told reporters.
Yi Xiaolei said: “Our fishing industry is facing a dilemma, our fishermen have begun to take cost-sea fishing, and fisheries resources once they are damaged, recovery is extremely difficult to.”
Development of marine economy and the strength of the developed countries compared to the development of China’s marine economy has just started, marine, oil and other resources, most have not been fully utilized. In contrast, the marine environment is deteriorating.
According to the State Oceanic Administration announced in January of this year’s “2004 Statistical Bulletin of China’s marine economy,” shows that China’s major marine product to 1.2841 trillion yuan, 526.8 billion yuan added value of marine products, representing 3.9% of GDP . But compared with developed countries, the proportion of 7%, there is still a gap.
“Pollution problem will hinder the sustainable development of marine economy in China.” Cui Feng is very positive.
The plight of marine pollution.
For the bulk of land-based sources of marine pollution pollution problem, a fundamental reason is that the management mechanism problems.
According to “The People’s Republic of China Marine Environmental Protection Law”, the marine environment mainly by the State Oceanic Administration is responsible for governance. Land-based environmental management, by the State Environmental Protection Administration is responsible. Responsibilities among departments, the coordination of the interests, but also difficult for some pollution control measures effectively.
“Some enterprises large sewage and pollutants into the sea, environmental protection departments only fines, it is difficult to take other effective measures, and finally to marine pollution has become increasingly serious.” Relevant person told reporters.
Cui Feng think more important reason is: not the same as ocean and land, the land is fixed, in terms of technical, management, operational means, relatively speaking, more likely, but the ocean is fluid, dynamic.
“For example, Zhejiang, Shandong and other provinces have also introduced their own regulations related to marine environmental protection, but only emphasize their areas of marine environmental management, each own business, not, ultimately, the overall effect of improving the environment.” Cui Feng said.
Cui Feng that the marine pollution control, it should be emphasized that the regional joint management, joint of several provinces, regional on treatment. This year started a “plan of Bohai sea,” is one such attempt, to the Bohai Sea in a few provinces and cities together to achieve common pollution.
“But it is still not a good model look, because the treatment cost is too high, local governments do not want money. ‘Bohai sea plan’ is a top-down, come up with a sum of money out of the Central Council, to help build the local sewage plant, but the future running costs, may also be a problem. “Cui Feng said.
“Lack of coordination of regional pollution control mechanisms and rivers and comprehensive control measures, resulting in waters between the basin and regional disputes between the pollution, and local area difficult to improve the environmental quality.” SEPA officials think that this is our country marine environmental protection one of the main problems facing.
“Sustainable development of marine legal system, not just the development or amendment of several environmental or conservation of a single law, but a complete system of law of the sea.” Yi Xiaolei that marine resources as public property rights are not clear, but also cause the effective protection of the marine environment can not be the reason.
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