Caraway
Cultivation and uses
Caraway fruits
Some caraway fruits used as a spice, up close.
The fruits, usually used whole, have a pungent, anise-like flavor and aroma that comes from essential oils, mostly carvone and limonene. They are used as a spice in breads, especially rye bread. Seeded rye bread is denser partly because the limonene from the caraway fruits has yeast-killing properties.
Caraway is also used in liquors, casseroles, curry and other foods, and is more commonly found in European cuisine. It is also used to add flavor to cheeses such as havarti. Akvavit and several liqueurs are made with caraway. In the United Kingdom it is (or was) commonly used in “SEEDY CAKE” (possibly originating in Cornwall) – similar to a Madeira cake but using the caraway seeds instead of lemon and orange.
A carminative or a tea (tisane) made from the seeds is used as a remedy for colic, loss of appetite and digestive disorders and to dispel worms. Caraway seed oil is also used as a fragrance component in soaps, lotions, and perfumes.
The roots may be cooked as a root vegetable like parsnips or carrots.
Names and history
The etymology of Caraway is complex and poorly understood.
Caraway has been called by many names in different regions, with names deriving from the Latin cuminum (cumin), the Greek karon (again, cumin), which was adapted into latin as carum (now meaning caraway), and the Sanskrit karavi, sometimes translated as “caraway” but other times understood to mean “fennel.” The Italian finocchio meridionale (meridian fennel) suggests these shared roots, though cumino tedesco (German cumin) again points towards cumin — though caraway also has its own name in Italian, caro . Other languages share similar peculiarities, with Yiddish borrowing the german Kmmel (cumin) as kimmel to mean Caraway, yet using the semitic term kamoon for cumin.
English usage of the term Caraway dates back to at least 1440 , and is considered by Skeat to be of Arabic origin, though Katzer believes the Arabic al-karawya (cf. Spanish alcaravea) to be derived from the Latin carum.
Similar herbs
Caraway thyme has a strong caraway scent and is sometimes used as a substitute for real caraway in recipes. Other members of the family Apiaceae include anise, fennel, cumin, licorice-root (Ligusticum), and coriander. In Hindi it is called Shah Jeera. In Gujarati it is called Shah Jeeru.
External links
Caraway Gernot Katzer’s Spice Pages.
How to grow Caraway
History of Caraway
^ Anise Seed Substitute: Caraway Seed
^ a b USDA Plants Classification Report: Apiaceae
^ a b c Katzer’s Spice Pages: Caraway Caraway (Carum carvi L.)
^ Walter William Skeat, Principles of English etymology, Volume 2, page 319. 1891 Words of Arabic Origin
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Herbs and spices
Herbs
Angelica Basil Basil, holy Basil, Thai Bay leaf Boldo Bolivian Coriander Borage Chervil Chives Cicely Coriander leaf (cilantro) Cress Curry leaf Dill Elsholtzia ciliata Epazote Eryngium foetidum (long coriander) Hemp Hoja santa Houttuynia cordata (gip c) Hyssop Jimbu Lavender Lemon balm Lemon grass Lemon myrtle Lemon verbena Limnophila aromatica (rice paddy herb) Lovage Marjoram Mint Mitsuba Oregano Parsley Perilla (shiso) Rosemary Rue Sage Savory Sorrel Tarragon Thyme Vietnamese coriander (rau rm) Woodruff
Spices
Ajwain (bishop’s weed) Aleppo pepper Alligator pepper Allspice Amchur (mango powder) Anise Aromatic ginger Asafoetida Camphor Caraway Cardamom Charoli Cardamom, black Cassia Cayenne pepper Celery seed Chenpi Chili Cinnamon Clove Coriander seed Cubeb Cumin Cumin, black Dill & dill seed Fennel Fenugreek Fingerroot (krachai) Galangal, greater Galangal, lesser Garlic Ginger Golpar Grains of Paradise Grains of Selim Horseradish Juniper berry Kaempferia galanga (kencur) Kokum Lime, black Liquorice Litsea cubeba Mace Mahlab Malabathrum (tejpat) Mustard, black Mustard, brown Mustard, white Nigella (kalonji) Nutmeg Paprika Peppercorn (black, green & white) Pepper, long Radhuni Rose Pepper, Brazilian Pepper, Peruvian Pomegranate seed (anardana) Poppy seed Salt Saffron Sarsaparilla Sassafras Sesame Sichuan pepper (hujio, sansho) Star anise Sumac Tasmanian pepper Tamarind Tonka bean Turmeric Vanilla Wasabi Zedoary Zereshk Zest
Herb and spice mixtures
Adjika Advieh Afghan spice rub Baharat Berbere Bouquet garni Buknu Chaat masala Chaunk Chile powder Chili powder Crab boil Curry powder Fines herbes Five-spice powder Garam masala Garlic salt Harissa Hawaij Herbes de Provence Jerk spice Khmeli suneli Lemon pepper Masala Mitmita Mixed spice Old Bay Seasoning Panch phoron Persillade Pumpkin pie spice Qlat Daqqa Quatre pices Ras el hanout Recado rojo Sharena sol Shichimi Tabil Tandoori masala Za’atar
Lists of herbs and spices
List of Australian herbs and spices Chinese herbs List of Indian spices List of Pakistani spices List of culinary herbs and spices
Related topics
Marinating Spice rub
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Medicinal herbs and fungi
Herbs
Cannabis Za’atar Caraway Cardamom Ginger Ginseng Rooibos
Regional practices
Chinese herbology Japanese herbology Indian herbology Islamic herbology
Related subjects
Alternative medicine Herbal tea Homeopathy Herbalism List of plants used as medicine
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Carum carvi
Categories: Carum | Edible Apiaceae | Medicinal plants | Spices | Root vegetables | Arabic words and phrases
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