Jurong Island
History
The outlying islands of Pulau Ayer Chawan, Pulau Ayer Merbau, Pulau Merlimau and Pulau Seraya used to house fishing communities comprising small villages up to the 1960s. The villagers lived in Malay-style wooden stilt houses on the palm-fringed islands. Between late-1960s and early-1970s, three big oil companies planned to house their facilities on Pulau Ayer Chawan for Esso, Pulau Merlimau for Singapore Refinery Company and Pulau Pesek for Mobil Oil.
The Government of Singapore then took the opportunity to grow the petrochemical industry as a choice that will significantly produce economic growth. This was proven by the success of starting off the petroleum industries in the 1970s.
By the 1980s, after a decade of rapid industrialisation, industrial land was growing scarce on Singapore mainland. The idea of joining the southern islands off Jurong to form one colossal island to create more industrial land was therefore conceived.
In 1991, JTC Corporation (formerly Jurong Town Corporation) was appointed the agent of the Jurong Island project. JTC planned and coordinated with various government agencies in providing the necessary infrastructure and services to the island.
Physical land reclamation began in 1995, and Jurong Island was officially opened on October 14, 2000 by then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong. From the 9.91 km land area of the original seven islets, as of completion of the land reclamation on September 25, 2009 , Jurong Island currently has a total land area of 32 km. PentaOcean Construction was the major contractor and reclamation was completed 20 years ahead of schedule.
Petrochemical industries
Today, Jurong Island is home to many companies such as BASF, BP, Celanese, ExxonMobil, DuPont, Mitsui Chemicals, Chevron Oronite, Shell, Singapore Petroleum Company and Sumitomo Chemical.
Clusters of gigantic cylindrical tanks amid a maze of pipelines now dot the island; investment has totalled S$31 billion in 2010. Resident companies produce a vast range of items, from petroleum products to polycarbonate resins used in CDs, DVDs and LCD TV panels, and super absorbent polymers that go into diapers and sanitary napkins.
ExxonMobil, which has invested S$4 billion in a refinery and cracker plant, makes industrial and automotive lubricants including a product used in Formula One racing cars. DuPont invested S$1 billion, and manufactures Zytel nylon resin, a versatile engineering plastic used in automobile components, appliances, wire insulation, sporting gear and home furnishings.
Output for the chemicals clusterhich cover oil and gas, petrochemicals and specialty chemicalsotaled S$66.5 billion in 2005, an increase of 31 per cent from 2004. This accounted for almost 32 per cent of production in Singapore’s manufacturing sector. Powered by the cluster, Singapore is currently one of the world’s top three oil refining centres despite not having a single drop of crude deposits.
Jurong Island’s refineries process 1300000 barrels (207,000 m3) of crude oil per day,[citation needed] turning it into petrol, kerosene and jet fuel sold locally and abroad. Cracker plants break down the molecules of other oil-and gas-related substances such as naphtha into additives that give unique characteristics to certain products, from printer inks to plastic mouldings, semiconductors and aircraft materials.
Apart from imported crude, natural gas from Indonesia’s West Natuna field arrives at Jurong Island via a 640 km undersea pipeline. Some of it is refined to provide a source of cleaner and cheaper fuel, while the rest is sent to crackers that make other petrochemical products. The country’s first refilling station for compressed natural gas (CNG) opened on Jurong Island in 2002. As most of the 2500+ cars running on CNG in Singapore are not allowed to enter the island because the drivers do not have the necessary security pass, four more CNG stations opened on the main island until September 2009.
Jurong Island lies in the background of this panoramic view of Jurong Industrial Estate. The Jurong Pier Flyover and the island of Pulau Damar Laut, with Jurong Island Highway that leads to Jurong Island, can be seen on the left.
Security
Jurong Island was gazetted as a Protected Place in 2001. Access control is contracted to a private security company, while the Singapore Army helps to protect the island.
Access to the island is limited to staff and visitors, and they are issued with security passes. Other restrictions include that one must declare any photographic equipment that they are bringing to the island. Without permission from the Island Security it is not allowed to take photographs or videos on Jurong Island. Anyone getting caught taking pictures or videos will be handed over to the police. Once found guilty, the Jurong Island pass will be confiscated and the offender would not be able to enter Jurong Island.
Infrastructure
Jurong Island has its own fire station, and an amenity centre known as Oasis@Sakra that houses a food court, a medical clinic and a free of charge multi storey carpark. The island also houses the Pulau Seraya Power Station, Singapore’s first offshore power station, which was built in phases on the former Pulau Seraya since 1986.
The island has a network of pipelines that allows for seamless integration among companies. For example, Japan’s Teijin can receive piped-in chlorine produced by CIFE company and bisphenol A from Mitsui Chemicals to make polycarbonates. Red pipes carry water for firefighting and green pipes, sea water for cooling. Huge silver pipes carry steam and small silver pipes bring product lines.
There are two major cargo jetties on Jurong Island, namely Sakra Jetty and Banyan Jetty. Sakra Jetty is managed and controlled by ExxonMobil.
Jurong Island is linked to the main island by a 2.3 km causeway known as the Jurong Island Highway, opened in March 1999. Several public bus services run between Jurong Island and the mainland.
See also: Jurong Island Bus Terminal
Future plans
To raise its competitive edge, Singapore is moving to produce higher-value-added specialty products,[citation needed] including chemicals that would go into animal vaccines, animal feeds, consumer care items such as cosmetics and industrial enzymes that will support the biomedical sector. As part of this effort to move up the value chain, the Institute of Chemical and Engineering Science (an A*STAR research institute) has been set up on Jurong Island.
Construction work on Jurong Rock Cavern (JRC), Singapore’s first underground rock cavern for storage of crude oil, condensates, naphtha and gas-oil, started in February 2007. JTC Corporation has been appointed by the Singapore government to undertake the construction of JRC.
Located beneath the seabed of Banyan Basin, off Jurong Island, JRC will be completed in phases beginning from 2013. In the first phase, the caverns will have a storage capacity of 1.47 million cubic metres. Phase 2, which can potentially add another 1.32 million cubic metres, is being explored.
There are also plans to build a second causeway to link the Western end of Jurong Island Highway and Gul Road in Jurong Industrial Estate on mainland Singapore.
References
Associated Press, “A GDP bigger than some nations'”, Today, 21 November 2006
^ “Land reclamation completed for Jurong Island”. Channelnewsasia.com. 2009-09-25. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/1007282/1/.html.
^ “Jurong Island”. JTC Corporation. http://www.jtc.gov.sg/PORTFOLIO/JurongIsland/Pages/index.aspx. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
^ http://www.jtc.gov.sg/portfolio/jurongisland/FastFacts/ComprehensiveInfra/Pages/index.aspx
^ “Senior Civil Servants Appreciate Island Defence Capabilities”. MINDEF. 2007-10-31. http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/mindef_websites/atozlistings/army/army_news/News_Archive/2007/October/smp.html.
^ “Jurong Island: Comprehensive Infrastructure”. JTC Corporation. 2009-11-13. http://www.jtc.gov.sg/portfolio/jurongisland/FastFacts/ComprehensiveInfra/Pages/index.aspx.
^ Paul Jacob, “PM eyes S’pore-Saudi logistics tie-ups”, The Sunday Times, 26 November 2006
External links
Jurong Island – History and important investor information run by JTC Corporation.
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Islands of Singapore
Natural
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Former
Anak Pulau Berhala Reping Christmas Island Pulau Ayer Chawan Pulau Ayer Merbau Pulau Bakau Pulau Darat Pulau Merlimau Pulau Mesemut Darat Pulau Mesemut Laut Pulau Meskol Pulau Pesek Pulau Pesek Kecil Pulau Saigon Pulau Sejahat Pulau Sejahat Kechil Pulau Sakeng / Pulau Seking Pulau Sakra Pulau Sanyongkong Pulau Semechek Pulau Seraya Pulau Tekong Kechil Terumbu Retan Laut
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