Reissue of refrigerant to make air-conditioning industry suffered no out of alternative technologies
Ozone Layer Protection Fleet of Foot
Not long out of freon, and then be replaced HCFCs. If there is not innovative technology, Chinese enterprises will face a painful and no end of knock-out tournament
China air conditioning industry is facing a still unsolved problem.
According to the latest State Department "Ozone Depleting Substances Regulations" ("the Ordinance"), June 1, China will gradually reduce and eventually phase out as refrigerants, foaming agents, fire extinguishing agent multiple uses of ozone-depleting material. Its target is now widely used HCFCs (HCFC).
Three years ago, the era of freon as a refrigerant China declared an end, the HCFCs are considered more advanced alternatives. But the "Regulations" issued by means HCFCs soon to be declared "the death penalty." However, the Chinese air-conditioning business headache is a perfect alternative refrigerant technology is not yet there.
In fact, affected not only the air conditioning industry, including foam and other industries. China to protect the ozone layer, "post-Freon" is a road, far from being generally imagined that easy.
End of Freon
With the "umbrella" to describe the ozone layer very appropriate. From the Earth's surface from 20 to 50 km altitude, surrounded by an average of about 3 cm thin, absorb most of UV sunlight, to ensure that life on Earth from harm. In addition, the ozone layer like a great lid, heat the Earth play a role.
But the ozone layer, the "umbrella", has appeared in the last century, signs of decadent.
In 1931, DuPont synthesis of chlorofluorocarbons, called CFC (CFC) substances. This is in the last century is a remarkable invention, people do not need to worry about the meat bought from a supermarket within a few days decay, the summer can remain in the comfortable and cool room. After decades, Freon was widely used as refrigerants, foaming agents and cleaning agent application.
But seven of the last century 80's, freon legendary ending. In 1974, the University of California, Irvine, Frank? Rowland and Mario? Molina in "Nature" magazine published papers, that such substances would freon ozone layer. They have therefore won in 21 years after the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. In 1982, the Japanese Antarctic observation team found significant thinning of the ozone layer over Antarctica, forming a so-called "Antarctic ozone hole."
This means that the protective effect of the increasing decline of the ozone layer, a large number of short-wave ultraviolet light can be opportunistic infiltration, destruction, including biological molecules, including DNA, to increase awareness of skin cancers, cataracts and other diseases likely. Moreover, the crop is facing cuts, the Earth's greenhouse effect will be more apparent.
After the voice of the international protection of the ozone layer have increased. In 1985, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) meeting in Austria, adopted the "Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer" (hereinafter "Vienna Convention").
Two years later, "the Vienna Convention," some members of Montreal, Canada signed the "Montreal Protocol on Ozone Depleting Substances Control" (the "Montreal Protocol"), the five CFCs and three halons as fire extinguishers are classified as raw materials for the tight control "blacklist." Each member of the signing of the Treaty, also promised to freeze "Ranking" of material production and consumption, and gradually reduced in accordance with the timetable.
In 1990, the "Montreal Protocol" Second Meeting of the Parties held in London, some other substances such as CFCs and carbon tetrachloride are also subject to regulation.
"Ozone hole is difficult to restore, and now, if not eliminate, the amount will grow increasingly more difficult to eliminate, the cost will be increasing." Long-term performance in China's actions to protect the ozone layer Associate Professor Jian-Bo Zhang, Peking University, said the environment .
Performance of the Road in China
And abroad, the Chinese used the time to be later than freon. In 1988, the first machine-made split wall air conditioner plant in Warburg was born. At that time, air-conditioning, refrigerator refrigeration equipment for the Chinese at that time still a very rare thing.
Protection of the Ozone Layer calls for still being delivered to China. In 1989, China's accession to "the Vienna Convention." In 1991, China announced to join "the Montreal Protocol," the London Amendment, and the establishment of China National Leading Group for Ozone Layer Protection. August 10, 1992, the amendment came into effect in China.
"China announced to join one of the main conditions is to determine the developed and developing countries have common but differentiated responsibilities." ZHANG Jianbo on staff reporter recalled, "the developed countries to do before the widespread use of freon refrigerators, air conditioning, and we in the Century 80's began production refrigerators, air conditioners, when the ozone hole has been formed. Therefore, developed countries need to allocate the money to help developing countries to replace the old technology. "
However, in order to substitute low-cost, high utilization of CFCs easier said than done. London Amendment entered into force in China in 1992, the household air conditioners, refrigerators and other freon "use large" became popular. In 1997, China's production of CFC substances such as chlorofluorocarbons peaked, the national consumption of ozone-depleting substances is about 70 thousand tons, of which most of the Chinese companies produce their own, enough to run tens of millions of air conditioners.
In 1993, the State Council approved the "China to phase out ozone-depleting substances in national programs." After revision, the final phase-out schedule established in China. According to this timetable, as of January 1, 2010, China will complete cessation of ozone-depleting potentials (ODP value) the highest capacity of the ozone depleting CFCs and halons largest production and consumption. The elimination of the object, mainly concentrated in the refrigeration, foam, household chemicals, fire equipment and other large industries.
In order to show the image of a large country, China has decided to advance out of two and a half to complete the task. July 1, 2007, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, three love rich Fluorine Chemical Co. Ltd. CFC production facilities destroyed. So far, China's full cessation of CFCs and halons production.
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