Fraterville Mine Disaster
Location
The Fraterville Mine was one of several mines located in the coal-rich Cumberland Mountains of western Anderson County, Tennessee. The mine and its namesake community were situated near the heart of the Coal Creek Valley, a narrow north-south oriented valley slicing between Walden Ridge to the east and Vowell Mountain to the west. Tennessee State Route 116 connects Fraterville with Briceville to the south and Lake City to the north. This stretch of Route 116 has been renamed “Fraterville Miners Memorial Highway” in honor of the victims of the mine explosion.
The explosion and recovery efforts
The Coal Creek Coal Company, organized by Knoxville businessman E.C. Camp, began work at the Fraterville Mine in 1870. Coal Creek Coal developed a reputation for fair contracts and fair pay, and the company’s Fraterville Mine was considered one of the safest in the region. The company never took part in the state’s controversial convict leasing system and paid in cash (rather than scrip), and thus avoided much of the labor unrest that plagued neighboring mines during the Coal Creek War in the early 1890s.
According to the Tennessee Commissioner of Labor, the Fraterville Mine explosion occurred around 7:20 on the morning of May 19, 1902. The explosion shot black smoke and debris out the mine’s mouth and ventilation shaft. Rescue efforts were organized by the mine’s superintendent, George Camp (E.C. Camp’s son), and a Welsh mine operator from nearby Jellico named Philip Francis. The initial rescue party penetrated to just 200 feet (61 m), however, before they were forced to turn back and await the dispersal of toxic gases. A second rescue party entered the mine at 4:00 that afternoon, and using a makeshift venting system made of cloth and creosote, they inched their way into the main shaft, where they observed the destruction, later reported by the Commissioner:
Battrices had been destroyed, and along the main entry the force of the explosion was terrific, timbers and cogs placed to hold a squeeze were blown out, mine cars, wheels, and doors were shattered, and bodies were dismembered.
Most of the miners were killed by the initial impact of the explosion, although 26 had managed to barricade themselves in a side passage. At least 10 were still alive seven hours after the explosion, but eventually succumbed to toxic air and lack of oxygen. Several miners wrote farewell messages to loved ones shortly before dying, stating they were struggling for air, and encouraging their families to “live right” so they would meet again in heaven. The last body was removed from the mine four days after the explosion.
Aftermath
The cause of the explosion was a matter of controversy. The report issued by the Tennessee Commissioner of Labor stated that the explosion occurred when volatile gases that “had accumulated because of inadequate ventilation” were ignited by an open light. While the report stated that the shutdown of the mine’s ventilation system over the previous weekend had allowed the dangerous build-up of the gases, ventilation furnace operator Tip Hightower was acquitted of negligence at a subsequent inquest. The report also suggested that gases had leaked into the Fraterville Mine from an adjacent abandoned (and unventilated) mine once operated by the Knoxville Iron Company. Along with Hightower, superintendent George Camp was also charged with negligence, but was acquitted after several hours of tearful testimony.
The community of Fraterville was devastated by the mine explosion. The town lost all but three of its adult males. Hundreds of women were widowed, and roughly a thousand children were left fatherless. Some families lost as many as eight family members. A large memorial service was conducted at the Briceville Community Church on June 8, 1902.
Eighty-nine of the deceased miners are buried in the Fraterville Miners’ Circle in Leach Cemetery (behind Clear Grove Baptist Church) just off U.S. 25W at Lake City. A monument at the center of the circle bears the names of all 184 miners who were identified. On May 19, 2005, the circle was added to the National Register of Historic Places. Other miners who lost their lives in the Fraterville disaster are buried in Longfield Cemetery on U.S. Route 441 just east of Lake City.
References
^ a b c Allen Coggins, Fraterville Mine Disaster. Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, 2002. Retrieved: 5 May 2009.
^ a b c d e f g Coal Creek Watershed Foundation, Coal Creek: War and Disasters. 2000-2009. Retrieved: 5 May 2009.
^ Amanda Post and Emily Robinson, National Register of Historic Places Registration Form for Briceville Community Church and Cemetery, October 2002.
See also
Cross Mountain Mine disaster
External links
Coal Creek Watershed Foundation has articles on the disaster
Carl Fritts website on the disaster
List of miners who lost their lives
Final letters from victims
Coordinates: 361144 841027 / 36.19556N 84.17417W / 36.19556; -84.17417
Categories: Anderson County, Tennessee | Coal mining disasters in Tennessee | 1902 disasters | 1902 in the United States | National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
I am an expert from Cheap On Sales, usually analyzes all kind of industries situation, such as bamboo floorings , black bamboo flooring.
Processing your request, Please wait....
